Republic of the Philippines
The Philippines is an archipelago, or string of over 7,100 islands, in southeastern Asia between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The two largest islands, Luzon and Mindanao, make up for two-thirds of the total land area. Only about one third of the islands are inhabited.
The economy is based on agriculture, light industry, and services. The country produces bananas, rice, coconuts, corn, fish, mangos, pineapples, sugarcane, pork, and beef.
Ferdinand Magellan first landed in the Philippines in 1521. The name Philippines comes from Philip II who was the king of Spain during the 16th century when the country became a Spanish colony. The Philippines was granted to the United States in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became self-governing, but their independence was delayed by World War II and the invasion of Japanese troops. The islands were liberated by U.S. forces in 1944-45, and the Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed in 1946, with a government patterned on that of the United States. In 1965 Ferdinand Marcos was elected president. He declared martial law in 1972, which lasted until 1981. After 20 years of rule, Marcos was driven from power in 1986. Corazon Aquino became president and instituted a period of democratic rule in the country.
Filipinos are predominantly of Malay descent, frequently with Chinese and sometimes American or Spanish ancestry. Many Filipinos have Spanish names because of a 19th-century Spanish decree that required them to use Spanish surnames, or last names. Parents often name their children after the saint whose feast day was on the day of their birth. Source: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com
The Philippines is an archipelago, or string of over 7,100 islands, in southeastern Asia between the South China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. The two largest islands, Luzon and Mindanao, make up for two-thirds of the total land area. Only about one third of the islands are inhabited.
The economy is based on agriculture, light industry, and services. The country produces bananas, rice, coconuts, corn, fish, mangos, pineapples, sugarcane, pork, and beef.
Ferdinand Magellan first landed in the Philippines in 1521. The name Philippines comes from Philip II who was the king of Spain during the 16th century when the country became a Spanish colony. The Philippines was granted to the United States in 1898 following the Spanish-American War. In 1935 the Philippines became self-governing, but their independence was delayed by World War II and the invasion of Japanese troops. The islands were liberated by U.S. forces in 1944-45, and the Republic of the Philippines was proclaimed in 1946, with a government patterned on that of the United States. In 1965 Ferdinand Marcos was elected president. He declared martial law in 1972, which lasted until 1981. After 20 years of rule, Marcos was driven from power in 1986. Corazon Aquino became president and instituted a period of democratic rule in the country.
Filipinos are predominantly of Malay descent, frequently with Chinese and sometimes American or Spanish ancestry. Many Filipinos have Spanish names because of a 19th-century Spanish decree that required them to use Spanish surnames, or last names. Parents often name their children after the saint whose feast day was on the day of their birth. Source: http://kids.nationalgeographic.com
Ifugao Rice Terraces - 1100m a.s.l.
Unesco World Heritage
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras is an outstanding example of an evolved, living cultural landscape that can be traced as far back as two millennia ago in the pre-colonial Philippines. The terraces are located in the remote areas of the Philippine Cordillera mountain range on the northern island of Luzon, Philippine archipelago. While the historic terraces cover an extensive area, the inscribed property consists of five clusters of the most intact and impressive terraces, located in four municipalities. They are all the product of the Ifugao ethnic group, a minority community that has occupied these mountains for thousands of years. The five inscribed clusters are; (i) the Nagacadan terrace cluster in the municipality of Kiangan, a rice terrace cluster manifested in two distinct ascending rows of terraces bisected by a river; (ii) the Hungduan terrace cluster that uniquely emerges into a spider web; (iii) the central Mayoyao terrace cluster which is characterized by terraces interspersed with traditional farmers’ bale (houses) and alang (granaries); (iv) the Bangaan terrace cluster in the municipality of Banaue that backdrops a typical Ifugao traditional village; and (v) the Batad terrace cluster of the municipality of Banaue that is nestled in amphitheatre-like semi-circular terraces with a village at its base. The Ifugao Rice Terraces epitomize the absolute blending of the physical, socio-cultural, economic, religious, and political environment. Built 2000 years ago and passed on from generation to generation, the Ifugao Rice Terraces represent an enduring illustration of an ancient civilization that surpassed various challenges and setbacks posed by modernization. Reaching a higher altitude and being built on steeper slopes than many other terraces, the Ifugao complex of stone or mud walls and the careful carving of the natural contours of hills and mountains to make terraced pond fields, coupled with the development of intricate irrigation systems, harvesting water from the forests of the mountain tops, and an elaborate farming system, reflect a mastery of engineering that is appreciated to the present. The terraces illustrate a persistence of cultural traditions and remarkable continuity and endurance, since archaeological evidence reveals that this technique has been in use in the region for 2000 years virtually unchanged. They offer many lessons for application in similar environments elsewhere. Source: http://whc.unesco.org
Unesco World Heritage
The Rice Terraces of the Philippine Cordilleras is an outstanding example of an evolved, living cultural landscape that can be traced as far back as two millennia ago in the pre-colonial Philippines. The terraces are located in the remote areas of the Philippine Cordillera mountain range on the northern island of Luzon, Philippine archipelago. While the historic terraces cover an extensive area, the inscribed property consists of five clusters of the most intact and impressive terraces, located in four municipalities. They are all the product of the Ifugao ethnic group, a minority community that has occupied these mountains for thousands of years. The five inscribed clusters are; (i) the Nagacadan terrace cluster in the municipality of Kiangan, a rice terrace cluster manifested in two distinct ascending rows of terraces bisected by a river; (ii) the Hungduan terrace cluster that uniquely emerges into a spider web; (iii) the central Mayoyao terrace cluster which is characterized by terraces interspersed with traditional farmers’ bale (houses) and alang (granaries); (iv) the Bangaan terrace cluster in the municipality of Banaue that backdrops a typical Ifugao traditional village; and (v) the Batad terrace cluster of the municipality of Banaue that is nestled in amphitheatre-like semi-circular terraces with a village at its base. The Ifugao Rice Terraces epitomize the absolute blending of the physical, socio-cultural, economic, religious, and political environment. Built 2000 years ago and passed on from generation to generation, the Ifugao Rice Terraces represent an enduring illustration of an ancient civilization that surpassed various challenges and setbacks posed by modernization. Reaching a higher altitude and being built on steeper slopes than many other terraces, the Ifugao complex of stone or mud walls and the careful carving of the natural contours of hills and mountains to make terraced pond fields, coupled with the development of intricate irrigation systems, harvesting water from the forests of the mountain tops, and an elaborate farming system, reflect a mastery of engineering that is appreciated to the present. The terraces illustrate a persistence of cultural traditions and remarkable continuity and endurance, since archaeological evidence reveals that this technique has been in use in the region for 2000 years virtually unchanged. They offer many lessons for application in similar environments elsewhere. Source: http://whc.unesco.org
Sagada - 1550m a.s.l.
one of the coldest area in the Philippines, next to Mt. Pulag. It’s one of the highest peaks of the Philippines and has been a tourist getaway all year round. Sagada also has several spots that attracts tourists and locals alike, and urges them to visit again and again. From the highest mountain ranges to deep caves, Sagada is a complete package for people who are looking for adventure. Source: http://ironexplores.com
Sagada Hanging Coffins
The Igorots are an indigenous tribe living in Sagada, Luzon Island, Philippines. The Igorots practise unique funerary customs, in which the dead are buried in coffins which are tied or nailed to the side of cliffs. It is claimed that this practice is over 2000 years old, although nobody seems to know whether there are any coffins that are actually that old. The coffins are said to be carved by the elderly before they die. If an elderly person is too weak or ill to do so, his/her son, or a relative would do it for him/her. When the person dies, he/she is placed in the coffin in a foetal position. This is due to the belief that a person should exit the world in the same position that he/she entered it. After being wrapped up in blankets and tied with rattan leaves, the corpse is carried to a cliff in a procession. During this procession, mourners attempt to grab and carry the corpse. This is due to the belief that it is good luck to be smeared with the blood of the deceased, since it would allow a person to possess the skills of the deceased. After reaching the site for the burial, the corpse would be placed in the coffin and tied or nailed to the side of the cliff. Source: www.ancient-origins.net
one of the coldest area in the Philippines, next to Mt. Pulag. It’s one of the highest peaks of the Philippines and has been a tourist getaway all year round. Sagada also has several spots that attracts tourists and locals alike, and urges them to visit again and again. From the highest mountain ranges to deep caves, Sagada is a complete package for people who are looking for adventure. Source: http://ironexplores.com
Sagada Hanging Coffins
The Igorots are an indigenous tribe living in Sagada, Luzon Island, Philippines. The Igorots practise unique funerary customs, in which the dead are buried in coffins which are tied or nailed to the side of cliffs. It is claimed that this practice is over 2000 years old, although nobody seems to know whether there are any coffins that are actually that old. The coffins are said to be carved by the elderly before they die. If an elderly person is too weak or ill to do so, his/her son, or a relative would do it for him/her. When the person dies, he/she is placed in the coffin in a foetal position. This is due to the belief that a person should exit the world in the same position that he/she entered it. After being wrapped up in blankets and tied with rattan leaves, the corpse is carried to a cliff in a procession. During this procession, mourners attempt to grab and carry the corpse. This is due to the belief that it is good luck to be smeared with the blood of the deceased, since it would allow a person to possess the skills of the deceased. After reaching the site for the burial, the corpse would be placed in the coffin and tied or nailed to the side of the cliff. Source: www.ancient-origins.net
Sagada Sumaguing Cave
There are over 60 caves discovered underneath the town of Sagada. Of all of these underworlds, Sumaguing Cave has the biggest chamber, earning its nickname “The Big Cave.” Inside are countless rock formations slowly shaped by nature over thousands of years. These rock formations mimicking familiar shapes are the highlight of this spelunking adventure. Some of these formations include the bear, elephants, turtle head, chocolate cake, and pregnant woman. Sagada’s Sumaguing Cave has an entrance gate with apocalyptic inscriptions, together with the comprehensible reminders about the do’s and don’ts upon entering the strict premises of the primal cave of Sagada. The next step to take is by walking a series of well-constructed steps before finally reaching the internal portions of Sumaguing Cave. Going to the main part of your Sagada escapade, the allegedly spirit- infested cave was literally engulfed with darkness. As a result, the only source of light that can be relied upon is from a gasoline-powered lamp which is constantly held by the cave’s assigned tour guide. As you go along its long and winding steps while going to the Sumaguing Cave, you have to step on those wet and slippery rocks. Likewise, the most dangerous part of your cave cum nature tripping would be on how you can easily manage your way inside the cave without letting yourself fall off to an approximately 40 feet ravine that is situated on the verge of those stairs, which were flawlessly made out of limestone. From that enigmatic vantage point, they can beautifully see the unique and alluring formations of stalagmites and stalactites. Unbelievably, this inherent and artistic craftsmanship was incredibly molded by time and space, after thousands of years. Sumaguing Cave, it impressively showcases an underground body of water like streams and natural pools as well. As for its temperatures, these are beyond the normal freezing points. http://driftwoodjourneys.com - www.thepoortraveler.net
There are over 60 caves discovered underneath the town of Sagada. Of all of these underworlds, Sumaguing Cave has the biggest chamber, earning its nickname “The Big Cave.” Inside are countless rock formations slowly shaped by nature over thousands of years. These rock formations mimicking familiar shapes are the highlight of this spelunking adventure. Some of these formations include the bear, elephants, turtle head, chocolate cake, and pregnant woman. Sagada’s Sumaguing Cave has an entrance gate with apocalyptic inscriptions, together with the comprehensible reminders about the do’s and don’ts upon entering the strict premises of the primal cave of Sagada. The next step to take is by walking a series of well-constructed steps before finally reaching the internal portions of Sumaguing Cave. Going to the main part of your Sagada escapade, the allegedly spirit- infested cave was literally engulfed with darkness. As a result, the only source of light that can be relied upon is from a gasoline-powered lamp which is constantly held by the cave’s assigned tour guide. As you go along its long and winding steps while going to the Sumaguing Cave, you have to step on those wet and slippery rocks. Likewise, the most dangerous part of your cave cum nature tripping would be on how you can easily manage your way inside the cave without letting yourself fall off to an approximately 40 feet ravine that is situated on the verge of those stairs, which were flawlessly made out of limestone. From that enigmatic vantage point, they can beautifully see the unique and alluring formations of stalagmites and stalactites. Unbelievably, this inherent and artistic craftsmanship was incredibly molded by time and space, after thousands of years. Sumaguing Cave, it impressively showcases an underground body of water like streams and natural pools as well. As for its temperatures, these are beyond the normal freezing points. http://driftwoodjourneys.com - www.thepoortraveler.net
Sagada Lumiang Burial Cave
This cave houses at least a hundred of coffins that have been there for about 500 years. The coffins were positioned at the mouth of the cave for the belief that light coming in will protect the soul of the deceased from bad spirits. The coffins are small for a full grown adult because the corpses are placed in fetal position liked in the womb, believing that they should leave the world in the same position as they entered it. Some coffins has carvings of Gecko, the person inside died at very old age. For the Kankanaey, Gecko is the symbol of long life. In the present age, this tradition is seldom practice because of the strong Episcopalian presence in the town. They already adapted the way of burying and visiting the tomb of the dead in cemetery. But, those who have loved ones buried in the burial cave do not visit the cave. Instead, they perform rituals at home. Source: https://roadworthyman.com
This cave houses at least a hundred of coffins that have been there for about 500 years. The coffins were positioned at the mouth of the cave for the belief that light coming in will protect the soul of the deceased from bad spirits. The coffins are small for a full grown adult because the corpses are placed in fetal position liked in the womb, believing that they should leave the world in the same position as they entered it. Some coffins has carvings of Gecko, the person inside died at very old age. For the Kankanaey, Gecko is the symbol of long life. In the present age, this tradition is seldom practice because of the strong Episcopalian presence in the town. They already adapted the way of burying and visiting the tomb of the dead in cemetery. But, those who have loved ones buried in the burial cave do not visit the cave. Instead, they perform rituals at home. Source: https://roadworthyman.com
Vigan Historic City
Unesco World Heritage
Vigan is the most intact example in Asia of a planned Spanish colonial town, established in the 16th century. Its architecture reflects the coming together of cultural elements from elsewhere in the Philippines and from China with those of Europe and Mexico to create a unique culture and townscape without parallels anywhere in East and South-East Asia. An important trading post before the colonial era, Vigan is located at the river delta of Abra River, along the northwestern coastline of the main island of Luzon, in the Province of Ilocos Sur, Philippine Archipelago. The urban plan of the town closely conforms with the Renaissance grid plan specified in the Ley de la Indias for all new towns in the Spanish Empire. There is, however, a noticeable difference between Vigan and contemporary Spanish colonial towns in Latin America in the Historic Core (known as the Mestizo district), where the Latin tradition is tempered by strong Chinese, Ilocano, and Filipino influences. As its name implies, this district was settled by affluent families of mixed Chinese-Ilocano origin. The area contains the historic footprint of the entire town and consists of a total of 233 historic buildings tightly strung along a grid of 25 streets. The two storey structures are built of brick and wood, with a steeply pitched roof reminiscent of traditional Chinese architecture. The exterior walls of the upper storey are enclosed by window panels of kapis shells framed in wood which can be slid back for better ventilation. Most of the existing buildings were probably built in the mid 18th to late 19th centuries. Due to the economic decline of Vigan as an economic center after the World War II, only a few of the historic buildings had internal reorganization for alternative use. The Chinese merchants and traders conducted their business from shops, offices and storerooms on the ground floors of their houses, with the living quarters above. In addition to the domestic and commercial architecture, Vigan possesses a number of significant public buildings, which also show multi-cultural influences. Source: http://whc.unesco.org
Unesco World Heritage
Vigan is the most intact example in Asia of a planned Spanish colonial town, established in the 16th century. Its architecture reflects the coming together of cultural elements from elsewhere in the Philippines and from China with those of Europe and Mexico to create a unique culture and townscape without parallels anywhere in East and South-East Asia. An important trading post before the colonial era, Vigan is located at the river delta of Abra River, along the northwestern coastline of the main island of Luzon, in the Province of Ilocos Sur, Philippine Archipelago. The urban plan of the town closely conforms with the Renaissance grid plan specified in the Ley de la Indias for all new towns in the Spanish Empire. There is, however, a noticeable difference between Vigan and contemporary Spanish colonial towns in Latin America in the Historic Core (known as the Mestizo district), where the Latin tradition is tempered by strong Chinese, Ilocano, and Filipino influences. As its name implies, this district was settled by affluent families of mixed Chinese-Ilocano origin. The area contains the historic footprint of the entire town and consists of a total of 233 historic buildings tightly strung along a grid of 25 streets. The two storey structures are built of brick and wood, with a steeply pitched roof reminiscent of traditional Chinese architecture. The exterior walls of the upper storey are enclosed by window panels of kapis shells framed in wood which can be slid back for better ventilation. Most of the existing buildings were probably built in the mid 18th to late 19th centuries. Due to the economic decline of Vigan as an economic center after the World War II, only a few of the historic buildings had internal reorganization for alternative use. The Chinese merchants and traders conducted their business from shops, offices and storerooms on the ground floors of their houses, with the living quarters above. In addition to the domestic and commercial architecture, Vigan possesses a number of significant public buildings, which also show multi-cultural influences. Source: http://whc.unesco.org
Paoay Church, Ilocos Norte
Unesco World Heritage
It was built with a combination of Baroque, Gothic and Oriental architectural designs and is made of coral stones and bricks. The church was partially destroyed twice by earthquakes in 1706 and 1927. The sides are supported by giant buttresses. The facade is divided vertically by square pilasters that extend from the ground and all the way to the top of the pediment. On the right side of the façade is the bell tower which is a significant element in most colonial churches both for practical function and aesthetics. This is a picture perfect site, usually complimented by the clear blue skies that is always featured in many magazines, blogs and others. Source: http://www.lakwatsero.com
The Baroque Churches of the Philippines is a serial inscription consisting of four Roman Catholic churches constructed between the 16thand the18th centuries in the Spanish period of the Philippines. They are located in separate areas of the Philippine archipelago, two at the northern island of Luzon, one at the heart of Intramuros, Manila, and the other in the central Visayas island of Iloilo. This group of churches established a style of building and design that was adapted to the physical conditions in the Philippines and had an important influence on later church architecture in the region. The four churches are outstanding examples of the Philippine interpretation of the Baroque style, and represent the fusion of European church design and construction with local materials and decorative motifs to form a new church-building tradition. Source: http://whc.unesco.org
Unesco World Heritage
It was built with a combination of Baroque, Gothic and Oriental architectural designs and is made of coral stones and bricks. The church was partially destroyed twice by earthquakes in 1706 and 1927. The sides are supported by giant buttresses. The facade is divided vertically by square pilasters that extend from the ground and all the way to the top of the pediment. On the right side of the façade is the bell tower which is a significant element in most colonial churches both for practical function and aesthetics. This is a picture perfect site, usually complimented by the clear blue skies that is always featured in many magazines, blogs and others. Source: http://www.lakwatsero.com
The Baroque Churches of the Philippines is a serial inscription consisting of four Roman Catholic churches constructed between the 16thand the18th centuries in the Spanish period of the Philippines. They are located in separate areas of the Philippine archipelago, two at the northern island of Luzon, one at the heart of Intramuros, Manila, and the other in the central Visayas island of Iloilo. This group of churches established a style of building and design that was adapted to the physical conditions in the Philippines and had an important influence on later church architecture in the region. The four churches are outstanding examples of the Philippine interpretation of the Baroque style, and represent the fusion of European church design and construction with local materials and decorative motifs to form a new church-building tradition. Source: http://whc.unesco.org
Malacañang of the North (or Malacañang ti Amianan), Ilocos Norte
is a grand mansion, in beautiful grounds, overlooking a lake. This was a birthday gift from first lady, Imelda Marcos, to her husband on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (It is named after the official residence and workplace of the President of the Philippines in Manila - the Malacañang Palace.) With its sprawling expanse, this imposing mansion is intricately designed and has a mix of Spanish and Ilocano architecture. The result is quite majestic, and one of its finest features is the magnificent view, with the house looking out over well tended gardens and the beautiful Paoay Lake. The Marcos family was considered the "royal family" of the Marcos Era and they built many houses and retreats around the country. Malacañang of the North became their official residence in Ilocos Norte, and indeed, Ferdinand Marcos is probably the region's most famous son. He was the Philippines President between 1965 and 1986. Despite his infamous reputation and government, he was instrumental in helping to shape what the Philippines is today. Source: www.philippinetrails.com
is a grand mansion, in beautiful grounds, overlooking a lake. This was a birthday gift from first lady, Imelda Marcos, to her husband on the occasion of his 60th birthday. (It is named after the official residence and workplace of the President of the Philippines in Manila - the Malacañang Palace.) With its sprawling expanse, this imposing mansion is intricately designed and has a mix of Spanish and Ilocano architecture. The result is quite majestic, and one of its finest features is the magnificent view, with the house looking out over well tended gardens and the beautiful Paoay Lake. The Marcos family was considered the "royal family" of the Marcos Era and they built many houses and retreats around the country. Malacañang of the North became their official residence in Ilocos Norte, and indeed, Ferdinand Marcos is probably the region's most famous son. He was the Philippines President between 1965 and 1986. Despite his infamous reputation and government, he was instrumental in helping to shape what the Philippines is today. Source: www.philippinetrails.com
Cape Bojeador Lighthouse, Ilocos Norte
The historical Cape Bojeador lighthouse is situated on a rocky promontory near the town of Burgos and it is also known as Faro Cabo Cape Bojeador. The lighthouse is constructed on the hill named Vigia de Nagparitan overlooking the South China Sea and is the highest within the Philippines. It is National Treasure heritage listed by the National Museum as one of the last Philippine Spanish Lighthouses. The lighthouse is also one of the most accessible of all the Luzon lighthouses and probably the most visited by tourists. The light was constructed and completed on 30th March, 1892 and is still operational. Source: http://www.pagudpud-ilocos.com
The historical Cape Bojeador lighthouse is situated on a rocky promontory near the town of Burgos and it is also known as Faro Cabo Cape Bojeador. The lighthouse is constructed on the hill named Vigia de Nagparitan overlooking the South China Sea and is the highest within the Philippines. It is National Treasure heritage listed by the National Museum as one of the last Philippine Spanish Lighthouses. The lighthouse is also one of the most accessible of all the Luzon lighthouses and probably the most visited by tourists. The light was constructed and completed on 30th March, 1892 and is still operational. Source: http://www.pagudpud-ilocos.com
Kapurpurawan Rock, Ilocos Norte
a field of petrified coral bed to nature’s version of Noah’s Ark mounted on sand-colored stone overlooking the South China Sea. This rock formation created by the strong forces of the waters along the jagged coast of Burgos is a natural wonder and is visually delightful because of its scenic façade and uniqueness. Source: http://www.lakwatsero.com
a field of petrified coral bed to nature’s version of Noah’s Ark mounted on sand-colored stone overlooking the South China Sea. This rock formation created by the strong forces of the waters along the jagged coast of Burgos is a natural wonder and is visually delightful because of its scenic façade and uniqueness. Source: http://www.lakwatsero.com
Bangui Windmills, Ilocos Norte
20 wind turbines arranged on a single row along Bangui Bay is truly a sight to behold. The windmill are standing at over 200ft, which makes one wonder how these “giant electric fans” were assembled or transported in the bay. It is also important to note that the Bangui Windmills at Ilocos Norte is the first power generating windmill farm in Southeast Asia and the first source of clean energy introduced in the Philippines. Source: http://www.lakwatsero.com
20 wind turbines arranged on a single row along Bangui Bay is truly a sight to behold. The windmill are standing at over 200ft, which makes one wonder how these “giant electric fans” were assembled or transported in the bay. It is also important to note that the Bangui Windmills at Ilocos Norte is the first power generating windmill farm in Southeast Asia and the first source of clean energy introduced in the Philippines. Source: http://www.lakwatsero.com
Manila
also known as the Pearl of the Orient, is located in Southern Luzon, the largest of the more than 7,000 islands that make up the nation known as the Philippines. The city flanks Manila Bay, and is divided into northern and southern sections by the Pasig River. Manila serves not only as the country's capitol, but also as its financial, publishing, and business center. The citizens of the city speak Tagalog, but most are also fluent in English, which is the language of instruction in the public schools. Manila contains many of the country's largest and most prestigious universities and is also home to the National Library. It was the central location of the nation's battles for independence, first from Spain and later from the United States. Colonized by the Spanish and later governed by the Americans, Manila shows the signs of foreign influence in the widespread Roman Catholicism and the modeling of its schools upon the American educational system. Despite these influences, Manila and its citizens demonstrate a character and vitality uniquely their own. Source: www.encyclopedia.com
Intramuros: Manila’s walled city
The oldest neighbourhood in Manila is Intramuros – Latin for ‘inside the walls’. In the 16th century, Manila became the capital of the Philippines and the administrative centre of Spanish colonial rule. Wars and revolutions have left their mark; many Baroque churches and palaces have been destroyed and the wall is partially reduced to a ruin. However, the area still exudes a colonial atmosphere. Intramuros is a planned neighbourhood with a straight street grid, large squares and a monumental governor’s palace. The metres thick city walls and the fort with dozens of canons were built to control the rebellious population. Throughout Manila’s turbulent history, the neighbourhood has been reduced to rubble on various occasions, especially during the Second World War. Yet it still remains a lovely place to soak up the city’s colonial history. We’ve selected 3 highlights of Manila’s walled city. Source: www.klm.com
also known as the Pearl of the Orient, is located in Southern Luzon, the largest of the more than 7,000 islands that make up the nation known as the Philippines. The city flanks Manila Bay, and is divided into northern and southern sections by the Pasig River. Manila serves not only as the country's capitol, but also as its financial, publishing, and business center. The citizens of the city speak Tagalog, but most are also fluent in English, which is the language of instruction in the public schools. Manila contains many of the country's largest and most prestigious universities and is also home to the National Library. It was the central location of the nation's battles for independence, first from Spain and later from the United States. Colonized by the Spanish and later governed by the Americans, Manila shows the signs of foreign influence in the widespread Roman Catholicism and the modeling of its schools upon the American educational system. Despite these influences, Manila and its citizens demonstrate a character and vitality uniquely their own. Source: www.encyclopedia.com
Intramuros: Manila’s walled city
The oldest neighbourhood in Manila is Intramuros – Latin for ‘inside the walls’. In the 16th century, Manila became the capital of the Philippines and the administrative centre of Spanish colonial rule. Wars and revolutions have left their mark; many Baroque churches and palaces have been destroyed and the wall is partially reduced to a ruin. However, the area still exudes a colonial atmosphere. Intramuros is a planned neighbourhood with a straight street grid, large squares and a monumental governor’s palace. The metres thick city walls and the fort with dozens of canons were built to control the rebellious population. Throughout Manila’s turbulent history, the neighbourhood has been reduced to rubble on various occasions, especially during the Second World War. Yet it still remains a lovely place to soak up the city’s colonial history. We’ve selected 3 highlights of Manila’s walled city. Source: www.klm.com
Fort Santiago, Manila
Located inside the walled city of Intramuros in Manila lies Fort Santiago, the oldest Spanish fortress in the Philippines. Strategically located near the mouth of the Pasig River just off Manila Bay, Fort Santiago was built in 1571. Originally the site of a Muslim kingdom headed by Rajah Sulaiman the area was destroyed by Spaniards and the fort was built and soon became the main defense fortress during the spice trade with the Americas. The original earthen and log fort was destroyed by invading Chinese Pirates and was reconstructed with volcanic rock. The fort served as a Spanish Fortress, Headquarters of the US Army during the American colonial period and WW2 and was captured by the Japanese during WW2 and used as a prison. Dr. Jose Rizal, Philippine national hero, was also held as a prisoner at Fort Santiago and spent his last days here before being executed in 1896. Source: https://thetravellingfool.com
Located inside the walled city of Intramuros in Manila lies Fort Santiago, the oldest Spanish fortress in the Philippines. Strategically located near the mouth of the Pasig River just off Manila Bay, Fort Santiago was built in 1571. Originally the site of a Muslim kingdom headed by Rajah Sulaiman the area was destroyed by Spaniards and the fort was built and soon became the main defense fortress during the spice trade with the Americas. The original earthen and log fort was destroyed by invading Chinese Pirates and was reconstructed with volcanic rock. The fort served as a Spanish Fortress, Headquarters of the US Army during the American colonial period and WW2 and was captured by the Japanese during WW2 and used as a prison. Dr. Jose Rizal, Philippine national hero, was also held as a prisoner at Fort Santiago and spent his last days here before being executed in 1896. Source: https://thetravellingfool.com
Cathedral, Manila
The year was 1521, as Ferdinand Magellan set foot in the Philippines, it mark the arrival of Catholicism in the Philippines. The Spanish colonization paved way for the spread of Christianity and the era of western church architecture in the Philippines. During the three centuries of colonization it produced grandly design churches; one of these is the Manila Cathedral. The present Manila Cathedral, situated at the heart of the walled city of Intramuros has gone several major reconstructions since its inception. The Neo-Romanesque-Byzantine cathedral has long been the seat of archbishop in the Philippines. And it continuous to be one of the most admired churches in the country. The Manila Cathedral of today features Romanesque façade and beautiful cupola but its humble beginning is a far cry from when it was first built. Source: www.artesdelasfilipinas.com
The year was 1521, as Ferdinand Magellan set foot in the Philippines, it mark the arrival of Catholicism in the Philippines. The Spanish colonization paved way for the spread of Christianity and the era of western church architecture in the Philippines. During the three centuries of colonization it produced grandly design churches; one of these is the Manila Cathedral. The present Manila Cathedral, situated at the heart of the walled city of Intramuros has gone several major reconstructions since its inception. The Neo-Romanesque-Byzantine cathedral has long been the seat of archbishop in the Philippines. And it continuous to be one of the most admired churches in the country. The Manila Cathedral of today features Romanesque façade and beautiful cupola but its humble beginning is a far cry from when it was first built. Source: www.artesdelasfilipinas.com
San Agustin Church and Convent, Manila
Unesco World Heritage
is a Roman Catholic Church situated inside the Intramuros. The groundbreaking started on 1586 and was finished and consacrated in 1607 under the supervision successively of Augustinian Fathers Francisco de Bustos, Ildefonso Perez, Diego de Avila and Brother Alonso de Perea. The church has a Baroque Architectural Style with about 220 ft in length and 82 ft in width. Under the auspices of The Order of St. Augustine, the San Agustin Church is considered as the oldest stone church still standing in the Philippines. There have been no other edifices claiming to survive longer than this church. The San Agustin Church is one of the four Baroque Churches of the Philippines inscribed in 1993 on the World Heritage List. Source: www.phtourguide.com
Unesco World Heritage
is a Roman Catholic Church situated inside the Intramuros. The groundbreaking started on 1586 and was finished and consacrated in 1607 under the supervision successively of Augustinian Fathers Francisco de Bustos, Ildefonso Perez, Diego de Avila and Brother Alonso de Perea. The church has a Baroque Architectural Style with about 220 ft in length and 82 ft in width. Under the auspices of The Order of St. Augustine, the San Agustin Church is considered as the oldest stone church still standing in the Philippines. There have been no other edifices claiming to survive longer than this church. The San Agustin Church is one of the four Baroque Churches of the Philippines inscribed in 1993 on the World Heritage List. Source: www.phtourguide.com
Casa Manila
is a grand house similar to those that rich Spaniards and Filipino illustrados (those Filipinos who became rich when Manila was opened to trade with the rest of the world in the 19th century and had a taste for European culture and travel) would have occupied in Intramuros in the period 1850-98. Located inside Intramuros just opposite the San Agustin church, Casa Manila is a replica of Spanish colonial mansion of late 19th century Manila. It is filled with period furniture and furnishings of Philippine, Chinese and European origins. Wander through the archways and past fountains, admire the local materials (hardwoods, shells), view the huge rooms which occupy three floors. Casa Manila vividly recreates the rich merchants's way of life in nineteenth century Manila. Source: www.fabulousphilippines.com
is a grand house similar to those that rich Spaniards and Filipino illustrados (those Filipinos who became rich when Manila was opened to trade with the rest of the world in the 19th century and had a taste for European culture and travel) would have occupied in Intramuros in the period 1850-98. Located inside Intramuros just opposite the San Agustin church, Casa Manila is a replica of Spanish colonial mansion of late 19th century Manila. It is filled with period furniture and furnishings of Philippine, Chinese and European origins. Wander through the archways and past fountains, admire the local materials (hardwoods, shells), view the huge rooms which occupy three floors. Casa Manila vividly recreates the rich merchants's way of life in nineteenth century Manila. Source: www.fabulousphilippines.com
Rizal Park (Luneta Park), Manila
is a historic urban park located in the heart of Manila. It is one of the most significant landmarks in the country. Rizal Park is one of the largest urban parks in Asia. With its grassy land, green trees, gardens for picnics and meditations, as well as a musical dancing fountain, the park is also regarded as Manila’s green lung where people can escape the stressful noise and pollution of the city. The park isn’t only a cozy and relaxing place to spend time with family and friends but visiting the 58-hectare site will tour anyone to hundred years of Philippine history from the Spanish period to the present time. Highlights:
- most famous monument in the Philippines: The hundred year old Monument of Rizal is probably the country’s most famous, most visited and most photographed monument. It houses the remains of the Philippines’ most celebrated national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal
- actual site where Dr. Jose Rizal was executed: a 100 meter distance from Rizal’s monument is the exact location of his execution on December 30, 1896
- tallest flagpole in the country: 150 feet tall “The Independence Flagpole” is the tallest flagpole in the Philippines. It is located just in front of the Monument of Rizal
- The Gallery of Heroes is composed of 2 rows of bust sculpture monuments of Filipino heroes from the different parts of the country
- martyrdom of GOMBURZA: Before Rizal was executed, the place was already a famous site for executing Filipinos who resist against the Spanish government. The execution of Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora on 1872
- gigantic statue of Lapu-Lapu: The forty-foot statue of the “Statue of the Sentinel of Freedom” was a gift by the Korean Freedom League to honor the memory of freedom-loving Filipinos who helped them during the Korean War in the early 1950s. Lapu-Lapu is best known as the hero of the Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521) who stopped the invasion of Magellan in Cebu. He is considered as the first Filipino national hero who resisted the Spanish conquest
- giant raised-relief map of Philippine archipelago situated in the middle of a small man-made lake. Source: http://faq.ph
is a historic urban park located in the heart of Manila. It is one of the most significant landmarks in the country. Rizal Park is one of the largest urban parks in Asia. With its grassy land, green trees, gardens for picnics and meditations, as well as a musical dancing fountain, the park is also regarded as Manila’s green lung where people can escape the stressful noise and pollution of the city. The park isn’t only a cozy and relaxing place to spend time with family and friends but visiting the 58-hectare site will tour anyone to hundred years of Philippine history from the Spanish period to the present time. Highlights:
- most famous monument in the Philippines: The hundred year old Monument of Rizal is probably the country’s most famous, most visited and most photographed monument. It houses the remains of the Philippines’ most celebrated national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal
- actual site where Dr. Jose Rizal was executed: a 100 meter distance from Rizal’s monument is the exact location of his execution on December 30, 1896
- tallest flagpole in the country: 150 feet tall “The Independence Flagpole” is the tallest flagpole in the Philippines. It is located just in front of the Monument of Rizal
- The Gallery of Heroes is composed of 2 rows of bust sculpture monuments of Filipino heroes from the different parts of the country
- martyrdom of GOMBURZA: Before Rizal was executed, the place was already a famous site for executing Filipinos who resist against the Spanish government. The execution of Filipino priests Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora on 1872
- gigantic statue of Lapu-Lapu: The forty-foot statue of the “Statue of the Sentinel of Freedom” was a gift by the Korean Freedom League to honor the memory of freedom-loving Filipinos who helped them during the Korean War in the early 1950s. Lapu-Lapu is best known as the hero of the Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521) who stopped the invasion of Magellan in Cebu. He is considered as the first Filipino national hero who resisted the Spanish conquest
- giant raised-relief map of Philippine archipelago situated in the middle of a small man-made lake. Source: http://faq.ph
Food Culture in the Philippines
The diverse geography of the islands of the Philippines not only has made food easily accessible to fishermen, farmers, hunters and gatherers but has allowed it to be prepared by some of the simplest methods of cooking, including boiling, grilling, stewing and steaming. The cuisine has also been heavily influenced by centuries of trade with Spain, China, France, Southeast Asia and the United States. On any given day, Filipinos consume five small-plate meals. It begins with an early breakfast and is followed by a 10 a.m. snack called merienda. Following lunch is another merienda at around 4 p.m. which gives diners enough energy to last until dinnertime. Finger-food appetizers are served during happy hour, and it's not uncommon to finish off a late evening with sweets or fruit, coconut and caramel being the primary ingredients. In urban areas, more emphasis is put on dinner, whereas residents of rural, poorer neighborhoods consume their largest meals in the middle of the day. Filipino courses are all served simultaneously and eaten with forks, spoons or fingers.
Staples: The central ingredient in any Filipino menu is steamed white rice, the leftovers of which are combined with herbs and sauces and recycled to subsequent meals. Corn, noodles and bread also figure prominently in the Filipino diet because of their adaptability to different styles of cooking. The abundant seafood of the region -- particularly grouper, tilapia, bass, shrimp and clams -- often shares the table with pork and chicken. Although beef is available, it's generally reserved for special occasions. Coconut appears in dishes from soup to desserts.
Sauces and Dips: Salty fish sauce, coconut cream, lemongrass, adobo sauce, soy sauce, spicy barbecue sauce, sweet and sour, miso tomato, bagoong -- which is dried shrimp paste -- and Filipino vinegar are typically put on the table for dipping meats and vegetables as well as dribbling over rice. These are mixed and matched with ginger, garlic, onions, peppers, limes and cilantro. Broth made from vegetables or chicken is often provided as well.
Source: http://traveltips.usatoday.com
The diverse geography of the islands of the Philippines not only has made food easily accessible to fishermen, farmers, hunters and gatherers but has allowed it to be prepared by some of the simplest methods of cooking, including boiling, grilling, stewing and steaming. The cuisine has also been heavily influenced by centuries of trade with Spain, China, France, Southeast Asia and the United States. On any given day, Filipinos consume five small-plate meals. It begins with an early breakfast and is followed by a 10 a.m. snack called merienda. Following lunch is another merienda at around 4 p.m. which gives diners enough energy to last until dinnertime. Finger-food appetizers are served during happy hour, and it's not uncommon to finish off a late evening with sweets or fruit, coconut and caramel being the primary ingredients. In urban areas, more emphasis is put on dinner, whereas residents of rural, poorer neighborhoods consume their largest meals in the middle of the day. Filipino courses are all served simultaneously and eaten with forks, spoons or fingers.
Staples: The central ingredient in any Filipino menu is steamed white rice, the leftovers of which are combined with herbs and sauces and recycled to subsequent meals. Corn, noodles and bread also figure prominently in the Filipino diet because of their adaptability to different styles of cooking. The abundant seafood of the region -- particularly grouper, tilapia, bass, shrimp and clams -- often shares the table with pork and chicken. Although beef is available, it's generally reserved for special occasions. Coconut appears in dishes from soup to desserts.
Sauces and Dips: Salty fish sauce, coconut cream, lemongrass, adobo sauce, soy sauce, spicy barbecue sauce, sweet and sour, miso tomato, bagoong -- which is dried shrimp paste -- and Filipino vinegar are typically put on the table for dipping meats and vegetables as well as dribbling over rice. These are mixed and matched with ginger, garlic, onions, peppers, limes and cilantro. Broth made from vegetables or chicken is often provided as well.
Source: http://traveltips.usatoday.com