Bagan
is a plain in the middle of Myanmar, covering a tract of country measuring about 16 square miles along the east bank of the Ayeyarwaddy. The monuments which are now in all stages of decay were erected mostly from the 11th to 13th centuries A.D., when Bagan was the seat of the Myanmar dynasty. Tradition carried by the local chronicles, has it that a long line of fifty-five kings ruled over this kingdom during the twelve centuries. King Pyinbya was the builder of the present-day Bagan city wall. But the authentic history of the dynasty as supported by epigraphic evidence begins only with, the reign of Anawrahta (1044-77 A.D.). In 1057 Anawrahta conquered Thaton and brought back to his capital the Theravada scriptures in Pali, a large number of Buddhist monks, and artists and craftsmen of every description. From the Mon monks the Bagan people received their alphabet, religion and scriptures. It was from this momentous date that there began the extraordinary architectural and artistic activity which, in a little more than two centuries, covered the city and its environs with thousands of splendid monuments of every shape and size, the inner walls of most of which are decorated with incredible frescoes. The square temples dominated by Mon influence are distinguished by their dark corridors which are dimly lighted by perforated windows and the bright frescoes of variegated colour with Mon writing on the walls. The typical Bagan Style temples are bright and airy within, with imposing plan and height. But there are also some temples with intermediate forms. The end of the thirteenth century witnessed the fall of the Bagan dynasty. Thousands of pagodas were despoiled by the invaders and vandals and the king, who fled from the Chinese, is believed to have dismantled a considerable number of the monuments to collect materials for building forts. Since then the great mass of the religious edifices were left to decay and ruin and today we see no more than a hundred splendid monuments which attract and retain attention and since their foundation, have remained as places of worship. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
is a plain in the middle of Myanmar, covering a tract of country measuring about 16 square miles along the east bank of the Ayeyarwaddy. The monuments which are now in all stages of decay were erected mostly from the 11th to 13th centuries A.D., when Bagan was the seat of the Myanmar dynasty. Tradition carried by the local chronicles, has it that a long line of fifty-five kings ruled over this kingdom during the twelve centuries. King Pyinbya was the builder of the present-day Bagan city wall. But the authentic history of the dynasty as supported by epigraphic evidence begins only with, the reign of Anawrahta (1044-77 A.D.). In 1057 Anawrahta conquered Thaton and brought back to his capital the Theravada scriptures in Pali, a large number of Buddhist monks, and artists and craftsmen of every description. From the Mon monks the Bagan people received their alphabet, religion and scriptures. It was from this momentous date that there began the extraordinary architectural and artistic activity which, in a little more than two centuries, covered the city and its environs with thousands of splendid monuments of every shape and size, the inner walls of most of which are decorated with incredible frescoes. The square temples dominated by Mon influence are distinguished by their dark corridors which are dimly lighted by perforated windows and the bright frescoes of variegated colour with Mon writing on the walls. The typical Bagan Style temples are bright and airy within, with imposing plan and height. But there are also some temples with intermediate forms. The end of the thirteenth century witnessed the fall of the Bagan dynasty. Thousands of pagodas were despoiled by the invaders and vandals and the king, who fled from the Chinese, is believed to have dismantled a considerable number of the monuments to collect materials for building forts. Since then the great mass of the religious edifices were left to decay and ruin and today we see no more than a hundred splendid monuments which attract and retain attention and since their foundation, have remained as places of worship. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
The first four buildings are the most famous in Bagan: Ananda Temple, Dhammayangyi Temple, Shwezigon Pagoda and Thatbyinnyu Temple. Others are listed in alphabetic order
Ananda Temple
A.D 1105. Ananda temple is considered to be one of the most surviving masterpiece of the Mon architecture. Also known as the finest, largest, best preserved and most revered of the Bagan temples. During the 1975 earthquake, Ananda suffered considerable damage but has been totally restored. It is said to have been built around 1105 by King Kyanzittha, this perfectly proportioned temple heralds the stylistic end of the Early Bagan period and the beginning of the Middle period. In 1990, on the 900th anniversary of the temple's construction, the temple spires were gilded. The remainder of the temple exterior is whitewashed from time to time. There is a legend saying that there were 8 monks who arrived one day to the palace begging for alms. They told the king that once, they had lived in the Nandamula Cave temple in the Himalayas. The King was fascinated by the tales and invited the monks to return to his palace. The monks with their meditative powers they showed the king the mythical landscape of the place they have been. King Kyanzittha was overwhelmed by the sight and had a desire for building a temple which would be cool inside in the middle of the Bagan plains. After the construction of the temple, the king executed the architects just to make the style of the temple so unique. The structure of Ananda temple is that of a simple corridor temple. The central square measures 53 metres along each side while the superstructure rises in terraces to a decorative cliff 51 metres above the ground. The entrance ways make the structure into a perfect cross, each entrance is crowned with a stupa finial. The base and the terraces are decorated with 554 glazed tiles showing jataka scenes (life stories of the Buddha) thought to be derived from Mon texts. Huge carved teak doors separate interior halls from cross passages on all four sides. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1105. Ananda temple is considered to be one of the most surviving masterpiece of the Mon architecture. Also known as the finest, largest, best preserved and most revered of the Bagan temples. During the 1975 earthquake, Ananda suffered considerable damage but has been totally restored. It is said to have been built around 1105 by King Kyanzittha, this perfectly proportioned temple heralds the stylistic end of the Early Bagan period and the beginning of the Middle period. In 1990, on the 900th anniversary of the temple's construction, the temple spires were gilded. The remainder of the temple exterior is whitewashed from time to time. There is a legend saying that there were 8 monks who arrived one day to the palace begging for alms. They told the king that once, they had lived in the Nandamula Cave temple in the Himalayas. The King was fascinated by the tales and invited the monks to return to his palace. The monks with their meditative powers they showed the king the mythical landscape of the place they have been. King Kyanzittha was overwhelmed by the sight and had a desire for building a temple which would be cool inside in the middle of the Bagan plains. After the construction of the temple, the king executed the architects just to make the style of the temple so unique. The structure of Ananda temple is that of a simple corridor temple. The central square measures 53 metres along each side while the superstructure rises in terraces to a decorative cliff 51 metres above the ground. The entrance ways make the structure into a perfect cross, each entrance is crowned with a stupa finial. The base and the terraces are decorated with 554 glazed tiles showing jataka scenes (life stories of the Buddha) thought to be derived from Mon texts. Huge carved teak doors separate interior halls from cross passages on all four sides. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Dhammayangyi Temple
A.D 1167. It is the most massive structure in Bagan which has a similar architectural plan to Ananda Temple. It was built by King Narathu (1167-70), who was also known as Kalagya Min, the 'king killed by Indians'. The temple is located about a kilometer to the southeast of the city walls directing Minnanthu. After murdering his own king father, Narathu ascended the throne of Bagan and due to that, he built this temple. It is said that Narathu oversaw the construction himself and that masons were excecuted if a needle could be pushed between bricks they had laid. But he never completed the construction because he was assassinated before the completion. It was said that he was displeased by the Hindu rituals and one of them who made those rituals was the Indian princess who was the daughter of Pateikkaya. So he executed her for such reasons. The princess's father wanted revenge for his innocent daughter and sent 8 officers in the disguise of Brahmans and assassinated Narathu in this very temple. The interior floor plan of the temple includes two ambulatories. Almost all the entire innermost passage, however, was intentionally filled with brick rubble centuries ago. Three out of the four Buddha sanctums were also filled with bricks. The remaining western shrine features two original side-by-side images of Gautama and Maitreya, the historical and future Buddhas. The interlocking, mortarless brickwork at Dhammayangyi, best appreciated on the upper terraces, is said to rank as the finest in Bagan. Unfortunately the highest terraces and hidden stairways leading to them are now off limits to visitors. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1167. It is the most massive structure in Bagan which has a similar architectural plan to Ananda Temple. It was built by King Narathu (1167-70), who was also known as Kalagya Min, the 'king killed by Indians'. The temple is located about a kilometer to the southeast of the city walls directing Minnanthu. After murdering his own king father, Narathu ascended the throne of Bagan and due to that, he built this temple. It is said that Narathu oversaw the construction himself and that masons were excecuted if a needle could be pushed between bricks they had laid. But he never completed the construction because he was assassinated before the completion. It was said that he was displeased by the Hindu rituals and one of them who made those rituals was the Indian princess who was the daughter of Pateikkaya. So he executed her for such reasons. The princess's father wanted revenge for his innocent daughter and sent 8 officers in the disguise of Brahmans and assassinated Narathu in this very temple. The interior floor plan of the temple includes two ambulatories. Almost all the entire innermost passage, however, was intentionally filled with brick rubble centuries ago. Three out of the four Buddha sanctums were also filled with bricks. The remaining western shrine features two original side-by-side images of Gautama and Maitreya, the historical and future Buddhas. The interlocking, mortarless brickwork at Dhammayangyi, best appreciated on the upper terraces, is said to rank as the finest in Bagan. Unfortunately the highest terraces and hidden stairways leading to them are now off limits to visitors. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Shwezigon Pagoda
A.D 1076. was built as the most important reliquary shrine in Bagan, a centre of prayer and reflection for the new Theravada faith King Anawarahta had established in Bagan. The pagoda is standing between the village of Wetkyi-in and Nyaung U. It is a beautiful pagoda and was commenced by King Anawrahta but not completed until the reign of King Kyanzittha (1084-1113). King Kyanzittha was thought to have built his palace nearby. It was known that, the Shwezigon was built to enshrine one of the four replicas of the Buddha tooth in Kandy, Sri Lanka, and it was to mark the northern edge of the city. The pagoda's graceful bell shape became a prototype for virtually all later pagodas all over Myanmar. The gilded pagoda sits on three rising terraces. Enameled plaques in panels around the base of the pagoda illustrate scenes from the previous lives of the Buddha, also known as the 550 Jatakas. At the cardinal points, facing the terrace stairways, are four shrines, each of which houses a four-meter-high bronze standing Buddha. These bronze Buddha images are known to be the last survived images of the ancient time. Their left hands exhibit the vitarka or 'exposition' mudra while the right hands are held palm outward, fingers straight up, portraying the gesture of abhaya or 'no fear'. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1076. was built as the most important reliquary shrine in Bagan, a centre of prayer and reflection for the new Theravada faith King Anawarahta had established in Bagan. The pagoda is standing between the village of Wetkyi-in and Nyaung U. It is a beautiful pagoda and was commenced by King Anawrahta but not completed until the reign of King Kyanzittha (1084-1113). King Kyanzittha was thought to have built his palace nearby. It was known that, the Shwezigon was built to enshrine one of the four replicas of the Buddha tooth in Kandy, Sri Lanka, and it was to mark the northern edge of the city. The pagoda's graceful bell shape became a prototype for virtually all later pagodas all over Myanmar. The gilded pagoda sits on three rising terraces. Enameled plaques in panels around the base of the pagoda illustrate scenes from the previous lives of the Buddha, also known as the 550 Jatakas. At the cardinal points, facing the terrace stairways, are four shrines, each of which houses a four-meter-high bronze standing Buddha. These bronze Buddha images are known to be the last survived images of the ancient time. Their left hands exhibit the vitarka or 'exposition' mudra while the right hands are held palm outward, fingers straight up, portraying the gesture of abhaya or 'no fear'. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Thatbyinnyu Temple
11th Century. Towering above the other monuments of Bagan, the magnificence in white which is the Thatbyinnyu takes its name from the Omniscience of the Buddha. Thatbyinnyutanyan in Myanmar language, Sabbannutanana in Pali, omniscience is given further explanation in contemporary inscriptions as "knowing thoroughly and seeing widely." Built by King Alaungsithu (1113-1163), the Thatbyinnyu is a transitional temple, standing between the Early Style of the Ananda, half a mile to the northeast, and the Late Style of the Gawdawpalin, half a mile to the northwest. It is one of the earliest double-storeyed temples, but the arrangement is different from that of later double-storeyed temples, much as if it were still an experiment in the new form. The plan of the Thatbyinnyu is not unlike that of the Ananda-square, with porticoes on all four sides-but the eastern portico projects further than the others, breaking the symmetry. This plan is followed in such later temples as the Sulamani and the Gawdawpalin. Three receding terraces rise above each storey, ornamented with crenellated parapets and corner stupas. Above the terraces of the upper storey rises a curvilinear spire, surmounted by a slim, tapering stupa which takes the temple up to a height of 201 feet. The great height of the temple and the vertical lines of the ornamental features-the plain pilasters, the flame-like arch pediments, the corner stupas-give a soaring effect to the Thatbyinnyu. The eastern portico has a central stairway guarded by two standing door-guardians. The stairway leads to an intermediate storey where a corridor runs around the central mass. Two tiers of windows along the walls make the interior bright and airy, but the walls are bare of painting except for some traces in the western portico. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
11th Century. Towering above the other monuments of Bagan, the magnificence in white which is the Thatbyinnyu takes its name from the Omniscience of the Buddha. Thatbyinnyutanyan in Myanmar language, Sabbannutanana in Pali, omniscience is given further explanation in contemporary inscriptions as "knowing thoroughly and seeing widely." Built by King Alaungsithu (1113-1163), the Thatbyinnyu is a transitional temple, standing between the Early Style of the Ananda, half a mile to the northeast, and the Late Style of the Gawdawpalin, half a mile to the northwest. It is one of the earliest double-storeyed temples, but the arrangement is different from that of later double-storeyed temples, much as if it were still an experiment in the new form. The plan of the Thatbyinnyu is not unlike that of the Ananda-square, with porticoes on all four sides-but the eastern portico projects further than the others, breaking the symmetry. This plan is followed in such later temples as the Sulamani and the Gawdawpalin. Three receding terraces rise above each storey, ornamented with crenellated parapets and corner stupas. Above the terraces of the upper storey rises a curvilinear spire, surmounted by a slim, tapering stupa which takes the temple up to a height of 201 feet. The great height of the temple and the vertical lines of the ornamental features-the plain pilasters, the flame-like arch pediments, the corner stupas-give a soaring effect to the Thatbyinnyu. The eastern portico has a central stairway guarded by two standing door-guardians. The stairway leads to an intermediate storey where a corridor runs around the central mass. Two tiers of windows along the walls make the interior bright and airy, but the walls are bare of painting except for some traces in the western portico. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Ancient Wall of Bagan City - Tharabar Gate
Tharabar Gate is the main gate of the east wall and the only structure left of the old city built by King Pyinbya. It was built in 849 A.D during the 9th century. The western and northern part of the city wall were washed away by the river. There was originally twelve gates during that time. Tharabar is derived from the Pali term "Sarabhanga" meaning "shielded against arrows". Although most of the structure is ruined, stucco carvings of the ogres can still be found. The gate is known to be guarded by spiritual beings. On the left is the side of the gate is the brother "Lord of the Great Mountain" and on the right side is the sister "Golden face". Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Tharabar Gate is the main gate of the east wall and the only structure left of the old city built by King Pyinbya. It was built in 849 A.D during the 9th century. The western and northern part of the city wall were washed away by the river. There was originally twelve gates during that time. Tharabar is derived from the Pali term "Sarabhanga" meaning "shielded against arrows". Although most of the structure is ruined, stucco carvings of the ogres can still be found. The gate is known to be guarded by spiritual beings. On the left is the side of the gate is the brother "Lord of the Great Mountain" and on the right side is the sister "Golden face". Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Abeyadana Temple
A.D 1102. The temple is located at the north of the royal palace of King Kyanzittha. It is a temple of classical architecture, bases square and large porch in north where there lies a central pillar, and then a great sitting Buddha. Paintings are the true treasure of this temple and they are rich of teaching on the atmosphere of Bagan of the ancient time. The history of this temple says, while Kyanzittha sheltered at Nagayon during his flight from Sawlu, his wife Abeyadana waited for him a short distance away. At that site he subsequently built this temple, which is similar in plan to the Nagayon. The name of the temple was given after King Kyanzittha's first queen "Abeyadana", whom he married while he was still a young warrior. Abeyadana meaning the "abandoned jewel" was a follower of Mahayana Buddhism since the frescoes on the outer walls can be seen with images of the Hindus Gods like Indra, Shiva and Vishnu. The inner shrine contains a large, brick-built seated Buddha, but the fine frescoes are the main interest here. Of the many Buddha niches lining the walls, most are empty. Some contain bodhi-sattvas and Hindu showing a Mahayana influence accredited to the tastes of Kyanzittha's Bengali bride. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1102. The temple is located at the north of the royal palace of King Kyanzittha. It is a temple of classical architecture, bases square and large porch in north where there lies a central pillar, and then a great sitting Buddha. Paintings are the true treasure of this temple and they are rich of teaching on the atmosphere of Bagan of the ancient time. The history of this temple says, while Kyanzittha sheltered at Nagayon during his flight from Sawlu, his wife Abeyadana waited for him a short distance away. At that site he subsequently built this temple, which is similar in plan to the Nagayon. The name of the temple was given after King Kyanzittha's first queen "Abeyadana", whom he married while he was still a young warrior. Abeyadana meaning the "abandoned jewel" was a follower of Mahayana Buddhism since the frescoes on the outer walls can be seen with images of the Hindus Gods like Indra, Shiva and Vishnu. The inner shrine contains a large, brick-built seated Buddha, but the fine frescoes are the main interest here. Of the many Buddha niches lining the walls, most are empty. Some contain bodhi-sattvas and Hindu showing a Mahayana influence accredited to the tastes of Kyanzittha's Bengali bride. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Bupaya Pagoda
A.D 162. Bupaya means the "a gourd shape pagoda". The legend says, the third king of Bagan, Pyusawhti (AD 162-243), got rid of the gourd-like climbing plant "bu" that infested the riverbanks, before becoming the king. He was rewarded by his predecessor, Thamuddarit, the founder of Bagan (AD 108) together with the hand of his daughter and the heir to the throne of Bagan. He then in the commemoration of his good luck built a gourd-shaped pagoda on the bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River. This cylindrical Pyu-style stupa is said to be the oldest in Bagan. Bupaya was completely destroyed when it tumbled into the river in the 1975 earthquake, but has since been totally rebuilt. The distinctively shaped bulbous stupa stands above rows of crenellated terraces. The view from the river is also a breath-taking one. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 162. Bupaya means the "a gourd shape pagoda". The legend says, the third king of Bagan, Pyusawhti (AD 162-243), got rid of the gourd-like climbing plant "bu" that infested the riverbanks, before becoming the king. He was rewarded by his predecessor, Thamuddarit, the founder of Bagan (AD 108) together with the hand of his daughter and the heir to the throne of Bagan. He then in the commemoration of his good luck built a gourd-shaped pagoda on the bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River. This cylindrical Pyu-style stupa is said to be the oldest in Bagan. Bupaya was completely destroyed when it tumbled into the river in the 1975 earthquake, but has since been totally rebuilt. The distinctively shaped bulbous stupa stands above rows of crenellated terraces. The view from the river is also a breath-taking one. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Gawdawpalin Temple
11th Century. The Gawdawpalin Temple was built by King Narapatisithu after building the Sulamani Temple. But the king did not complete the construction. It was completed by his son Htilominlo. It is located about 3 miles south of the Bu Pagoda on the bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River. It is about 180 feet high and the structure is common like the Sulamani temple. Gawdawpalin is counted as one of the largest shrines of Bagan. The temple is a double-storeyed temple in the late style. It is square in plan, with porticoes on all four sides, but with the eastern portico projecting further than the others. In the ground storey, a vaulted corridor runs around a central block against whose four sides are placed images of the Buddha. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
11th Century. The Gawdawpalin Temple was built by King Narapatisithu after building the Sulamani Temple. But the king did not complete the construction. It was completed by his son Htilominlo. It is located about 3 miles south of the Bu Pagoda on the bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River. It is about 180 feet high and the structure is common like the Sulamani temple. Gawdawpalin is counted as one of the largest shrines of Bagan. The temple is a double-storeyed temple in the late style. It is square in plan, with porticoes on all four sides, but with the eastern portico projecting further than the others. In the ground storey, a vaulted corridor runs around a central block against whose four sides are placed images of the Buddha. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Golden Palace
This palace is one of the most awe-inspiring locations in all of Myanmar. It is one of the most magnificent palaces in world yet also retains a sense of mystery and intrigue. It was only reopened to public in 2008. The restoration and reconstruction of the Bagan Golden Palace was done in way to maintain the buildings heritage and architecture. Bagan Golden Palace of Myanmar's first ancient empire King Anawratha is among the four ancient palaces rebuilt after 1988, based on its original architectural style and is claimed as the most glorious one. The other three are Kambawzathadi Palace in Bago, Shwebon Yadana Mingalar Palace in Shwebo and Mya Nann San Kyaw Palace in Mandalay. King Anawrahta reunified Myanmar in 1044, establishing the Bagan empire historically and starting to extensively build Buddhist pagodas and temples to promote and propagate Theravada Buddhism (Little Vehicle). In a bid to preserve cultural heritage for posterity and attract tourists, the Myanmar Ministry of Culture started the reconstruction of the Thiri Zeya Bumi Bagan golden palace a few years ago. In conjunction with the palace project in the Bagan archaeological region, tourism infrastructures such as a 13-story Nanmyint viewing tower of 60 meters high and 16 meters wide and attached with a hotel, was also rebuilt and opened in April 2005. Source: www.dandaree.com
This palace is one of the most awe-inspiring locations in all of Myanmar. It is one of the most magnificent palaces in world yet also retains a sense of mystery and intrigue. It was only reopened to public in 2008. The restoration and reconstruction of the Bagan Golden Palace was done in way to maintain the buildings heritage and architecture. Bagan Golden Palace of Myanmar's first ancient empire King Anawratha is among the four ancient palaces rebuilt after 1988, based on its original architectural style and is claimed as the most glorious one. The other three are Kambawzathadi Palace in Bago, Shwebon Yadana Mingalar Palace in Shwebo and Mya Nann San Kyaw Palace in Mandalay. King Anawrahta reunified Myanmar in 1044, establishing the Bagan empire historically and starting to extensively build Buddhist pagodas and temples to promote and propagate Theravada Buddhism (Little Vehicle). In a bid to preserve cultural heritage for posterity and attract tourists, the Myanmar Ministry of Culture started the reconstruction of the Thiri Zeya Bumi Bagan golden palace a few years ago. In conjunction with the palace project in the Bagan archaeological region, tourism infrastructures such as a 13-story Nanmyint viewing tower of 60 meters high and 16 meters wide and attached with a hotel, was also rebuilt and opened in April 2005. Source: www.dandaree.com
Gubyaukgyi (Myinkaba)
A.D 1113. Situated just to the left of the road as you enter Myinkaba, this temple was built in 1113 by Kyanzittha's son Rajakumar, on his father's death. Prince Rajakumar was the son of King Kyanzittha and the niece of a monk. Kyanzittha met the woman while he was a refugee before his time. Rajakumar was the rightful heir to the throne of Bagan. But Kyanzittha had designated his grandson, Alaungsithu, as heir, and Rajakumar relinquished his right. The temple is in an Indian style, the monument consists of a large shrine room attached to a smaller antechamber. The fine stuccowork on its exterior walls is in particularly good condition. The Early period temple is also of particular interest for the well-preserved paintings inside, which are thought to date from the original construction of the temple and to be the oldest remaining in Bagan. The temple is typical of the Mon style in that the interior is dimly lit by perforated rather than open windows. It is generally kept locked and there are temple keepers from the village and can ask for permission to open it. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1113. Situated just to the left of the road as you enter Myinkaba, this temple was built in 1113 by Kyanzittha's son Rajakumar, on his father's death. Prince Rajakumar was the son of King Kyanzittha and the niece of a monk. Kyanzittha met the woman while he was a refugee before his time. Rajakumar was the rightful heir to the throne of Bagan. But Kyanzittha had designated his grandson, Alaungsithu, as heir, and Rajakumar relinquished his right. The temple is in an Indian style, the monument consists of a large shrine room attached to a smaller antechamber. The fine stuccowork on its exterior walls is in particularly good condition. The Early period temple is also of particular interest for the well-preserved paintings inside, which are thought to date from the original construction of the temple and to be the oldest remaining in Bagan. The temple is typical of the Mon style in that the interior is dimly lit by perforated rather than open windows. It is generally kept locked and there are temple keepers from the village and can ask for permission to open it. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Gubyaukgyi Temple (Wetkyi-in)
Early 13th Century. It has an Indian-style spire like the Mahabodhi Pagoda in Bagan. It is interesting for the fine frescoes of scenes from the jatakas. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Early 13th Century. It has an Indian-style spire like the Mahabodhi Pagoda in Bagan. It is interesting for the fine frescoes of scenes from the jatakas. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Gubyauknge Temple (Wetkyi-In)
12th Century. This early period temple has some excellent stucco carvings on the outside walls. Ink inscriptions in Mon language are found on the walls of the temple. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
12th Century. This early period temple has some excellent stucco carvings on the outside walls. Ink inscriptions in Mon language are found on the walls of the temple. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Htilominlo Temple
A.D 1218. The temple is known to be the last Myanmar Style temple built in Bagan. The name is a misreading of the Pali word for 'Blessings of the Three Worlds'. King Nantaungmya erected the temple on this spot because it was here that he was chosen, from among five brothers, to be the crown prince. Nantaungmya was King Narapati Sithu's son. The selection of the heir to the throne had a tradition, which was to erect a white umbrella and the future ruler would be chosen when the white umbrella tilts in his position. After the event, it was decided by the state policy's council. Inside the 46-metre-high temple, which is similar in design to Sulamani Temple, there are four Buddhas on the lower and upper floors. Traces of old murals are also still visible. Fragments of the original fine plaster carvings and glazed sandstone decorations have survived on the outside. The doorways feature nice carved reliefs. Several old horoscopes, painted to protect the building from damage can be found on the walls of the temple. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1218. The temple is known to be the last Myanmar Style temple built in Bagan. The name is a misreading of the Pali word for 'Blessings of the Three Worlds'. King Nantaungmya erected the temple on this spot because it was here that he was chosen, from among five brothers, to be the crown prince. Nantaungmya was King Narapati Sithu's son. The selection of the heir to the throne had a tradition, which was to erect a white umbrella and the future ruler would be chosen when the white umbrella tilts in his position. After the event, it was decided by the state policy's council. Inside the 46-metre-high temple, which is similar in design to Sulamani Temple, there are four Buddhas on the lower and upper floors. Traces of old murals are also still visible. Fragments of the original fine plaster carvings and glazed sandstone decorations have survived on the outside. The doorways feature nice carved reliefs. Several old horoscopes, painted to protect the building from damage can be found on the walls of the temple. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Lay Myet Hnar Temple
Lawkahteikpan Temple
12th Century. is a small temple close to the large pagoda Shwesandaw and built by King Alaungsithu, the successor of Kyanzittha. Lawkahteikpan means "The adorned tip of the world". It has been one of Bagan's great constructions and the small temple was being decorated with pure jewels. The architectural style of the temple is typical for the intermediate period. It is thought that this temple dates from the middle of the 12th century. It is the golden age of the mural. In spite of its modest size, this temple releases an impression of power and of majesty and the proportions come very close to perfection. Inside the temple, anyone can be surprised by the unit between so harmonious architecture outside and paintings. Many wall painting scenes of jatakas aiming at giving a strong visual impression can found. The choice of the colours is limited, only dark blue, red and white are dominating. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
12th Century. is a small temple close to the large pagoda Shwesandaw and built by King Alaungsithu, the successor of Kyanzittha. Lawkahteikpan means "The adorned tip of the world". It has been one of Bagan's great constructions and the small temple was being decorated with pure jewels. The architectural style of the temple is typical for the intermediate period. It is thought that this temple dates from the middle of the 12th century. It is the golden age of the mural. In spite of its modest size, this temple releases an impression of power and of majesty and the proportions come very close to perfection. Inside the temple, anyone can be surprised by the unit between so harmonious architecture outside and paintings. Many wall painting scenes of jatakas aiming at giving a strong visual impression can found. The choice of the colours is limited, only dark blue, red and white are dominating. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Lawkananda Pagoda
A.D. 1059. built by King Anawrahta during his. The pagoda has enshrined the Buddha's tooth relic in Bagan. The pagoda is erected on the bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River. During those days, with the power of Bagan Dynasty, the Mon region, Rakhine and even as far as Sri Lanka would anchor by the Ayeyarwaddy riverside. Lawkananda would be the first to see with its distinctive elongated cylindrical dome. It is still used as an everyday place of worship and is thought to house an important Buddha-tooth replica. The riverside and sunset views from Lawkananda are very good. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D. 1059. built by King Anawrahta during his. The pagoda has enshrined the Buddha's tooth relic in Bagan. The pagoda is erected on the bank of the Ayeyarwaddy River. During those days, with the power of Bagan Dynasty, the Mon region, Rakhine and even as far as Sri Lanka would anchor by the Ayeyarwaddy riverside. Lawkananda would be the first to see with its distinctive elongated cylindrical dome. It is still used as an everyday place of worship and is thought to house an important Buddha-tooth replica. The riverside and sunset views from Lawkananda are very good. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Mahabodhi Temple
12th Century. Mahabodhi Temple of Bagan was modeled after the famous Mahabodhi temple in Bodhgaya, Bihar State, India during AD 500. It commemorates the spot where the Buddha attained enlightenment; this monument was built during the reign of King Nantaungmya (1211-34). The pyramidal spire, covered in niches which enclose seated Buddha figures, rises from a square block. This monument is different from the common bell-shaped ones in Bagan. The lower section of Bagan's Mahabodhi is quadrangular block supporting the pyramidal structure. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
12th Century. Mahabodhi Temple of Bagan was modeled after the famous Mahabodhi temple in Bodhgaya, Bihar State, India during AD 500. It commemorates the spot where the Buddha attained enlightenment; this monument was built during the reign of King Nantaungmya (1211-34). The pyramidal spire, covered in niches which enclose seated Buddha figures, rises from a square block. This monument is different from the common bell-shaped ones in Bagan. The lower section of Bagan's Mahabodhi is quadrangular block supporting the pyramidal structure. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Manuha Temple
A.D 1059. The name "Manuha" was given after the Mon king from Thaton who was held captive in Bagan by King Anawrahta. Legend says that Manuha was allowed to build this temple in 1059, and that he constructed it to represent his displeasure at captivity. The exterior and overall floor plan resemble the more remote Kyauk Gu Ohnmin, a rectangular box topped by a smaller rectangle. Inside three seated Buddhas face the front of the building, and in the back there's a huge reclining Parinibbana Buddha. All seem too large for their enclosures, and their cramped, uncomfortable positions are said to represent the stress and lack of comfort the 'captive king' had to endure. However, these features are not unique in Bagan.It is said that only the reclining Buddha, in the act of entering nibbana, has a smile on its face, showing that for Manuha only death was a release from his suffering. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1059. The name "Manuha" was given after the Mon king from Thaton who was held captive in Bagan by King Anawrahta. Legend says that Manuha was allowed to build this temple in 1059, and that he constructed it to represent his displeasure at captivity. The exterior and overall floor plan resemble the more remote Kyauk Gu Ohnmin, a rectangular box topped by a smaller rectangle. Inside three seated Buddhas face the front of the building, and in the back there's a huge reclining Parinibbana Buddha. All seem too large for their enclosures, and their cramped, uncomfortable positions are said to represent the stress and lack of comfort the 'captive king' had to endure. However, these features are not unique in Bagan.It is said that only the reclining Buddha, in the act of entering nibbana, has a smile on its face, showing that for Manuha only death was a release from his suffering. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Mee Nyein Gone Temple
12th Century. located south of Bagan city. The original builder of this temple stays unknown. The name "Mee Nyein Gone" means "the hill where the fire extinguishes". It has a square type base and a small stupa on top of it. Inside the main hall lies a large Buddha Image. The walls are decorated with floral paintings on the sides and on the ceiling. There are ink inscriptions of the 12th century. There are high passages inside the temple. Some of the stuccos and masonry works can still be seen. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
12th Century. located south of Bagan city. The original builder of this temple stays unknown. The name "Mee Nyein Gone" means "the hill where the fire extinguishes". It has a square type base and a small stupa on top of it. Inside the main hall lies a large Buddha Image. The walls are decorated with floral paintings on the sides and on the ceiling. There are ink inscriptions of the 12th century. There are high passages inside the temple. Some of the stuccos and masonry works can still be seen. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Mingalarzedi Pagoda
A.D 1277. Close to the riverbank, Mingalarzedi ('Blessing Stupa') was built by Narathihapati. It was the very last of the large late period monuments to be built before the kingdom's decline, thus representing the final flowering of Bagan's architectural skills. It took six whole years to complete the construction of this great monument. Mingalarzedi is noted for its fine proportions and for the many beautiful glazed jataka tiles around its three square terraces. The smaller square building in the zedi grounds is one of the few Tripitaka libraries made of brick; most were constructed of wood, like monasteries, and were destroyed by fire long ago. Mingalarzedi's uppermost terrace is one of the highest points now accessible to visitors. Being the westernmost monument at Bagan, it's a particularly good spot for a panoramic afternoon view of all the monuments lying to the east. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1277. Close to the riverbank, Mingalarzedi ('Blessing Stupa') was built by Narathihapati. It was the very last of the large late period monuments to be built before the kingdom's decline, thus representing the final flowering of Bagan's architectural skills. It took six whole years to complete the construction of this great monument. Mingalarzedi is noted for its fine proportions and for the many beautiful glazed jataka tiles around its three square terraces. The smaller square building in the zedi grounds is one of the few Tripitaka libraries made of brick; most were constructed of wood, like monasteries, and were destroyed by fire long ago. Mingalarzedi's uppermost terrace is one of the highest points now accessible to visitors. Being the westernmost monument at Bagan, it's a particularly good spot for a panoramic afternoon view of all the monuments lying to the east. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Myazedi Pagoda
12th Century. Next to the Gubyaukgyi stands the gilded Myazedi or 'Emerald Stupa'. A four-sided pillar in a cage between the two monuments bears an inscription consecrating Gubyaukgyi and written in four languages - Pyu, Mon, Old Burmese and Pali. Its linguistic and historical significance is great since it establishes the Pyu as an important cultural influence in early Bagan and relates the chronology of the Bagan kings. The inscription was about the Prince Rajakumar's feelings towards his father and the choice of the heir to the throne. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
12th Century. Next to the Gubyaukgyi stands the gilded Myazedi or 'Emerald Stupa'. A four-sided pillar in a cage between the two monuments bears an inscription consecrating Gubyaukgyi and written in four languages - Pyu, Mon, Old Burmese and Pali. Its linguistic and historical significance is great since it establishes the Pyu as an important cultural influence in early Bagan and relates the chronology of the Bagan kings. The inscription was about the Prince Rajakumar's feelings towards his father and the choice of the heir to the throne. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Nwar Pya Gu Temple
13th Century. Nwar Pya Gu Temple is a two-storey building. The lower level has two halls, the outer one is seen as soon as entered into the building, the inner hall consists of four sitting Buddha Images facing North, East, South and West. Most the stuccos are still in a good condition. On the wall inside the temple are also filled with mural paintings. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
13th Century. Nwar Pya Gu Temple is a two-storey building. The lower level has two halls, the outer one is seen as soon as entered into the building, the inner hall consists of four sitting Buddha Images facing North, East, South and West. Most the stuccos are still in a good condition. On the wall inside the temple are also filled with mural paintings. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Shwesandaw Pagoda
A.D. 1057. King Anawrahta built Shwesandaw Pagoda after his conquest of Thaton. This graceful circular pagoda was constructed at the centre of his newly empowered kingdom. The pagoda was also known as Ganesh or Mahapeine after the elephant-headed Hindu god whose images once stood at the corners of the five successive terraces. The five terraces once bore terracotta plaques showing scenes from the jalakas, but traces of these, and of other sculptures, were covered by lather heavy-handed renovations. The pagoda's bell rises from two octagonal bases which top the five square terraces. This was the first monument in Bagan to feature stairways leading from the square bottom terraces to the round base of the pagoda itself. This pagoda supposedly enshrines a Buddha hair relic brought back from Thaton. The hti, which was toppled by the earthquake, can still be seen lying on the far side of the pagoda compound. A new one was fitted soon after tie quake. Before when people were allowed to climb up the terrace of the pagoda, it was a great spot to view the sunset of Bagan. But nowadays, to keep the ancient monuments in good shape, the stairways have been closed down. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D. 1057. King Anawrahta built Shwesandaw Pagoda after his conquest of Thaton. This graceful circular pagoda was constructed at the centre of his newly empowered kingdom. The pagoda was also known as Ganesh or Mahapeine after the elephant-headed Hindu god whose images once stood at the corners of the five successive terraces. The five terraces once bore terracotta plaques showing scenes from the jalakas, but traces of these, and of other sculptures, were covered by lather heavy-handed renovations. The pagoda's bell rises from two octagonal bases which top the five square terraces. This was the first monument in Bagan to feature stairways leading from the square bottom terraces to the round base of the pagoda itself. This pagoda supposedly enshrines a Buddha hair relic brought back from Thaton. The hti, which was toppled by the earthquake, can still be seen lying on the far side of the pagoda compound. A new one was fitted soon after tie quake. Before when people were allowed to climb up the terrace of the pagoda, it was a great spot to view the sunset of Bagan. But nowadays, to keep the ancient monuments in good shape, the stairways have been closed down. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Soemingyi Pagoda
12th Century. Was built by the Senior Queen or Lady Soemingyi. The structure of this pagoda has a square base with many terraces leading to the top part, which is a cylindrical dome on top, which is the main shrine. To hold up the weight of the structure, sandstone blocks hold each corner giving more enforcement to it. There are many glazed plaques describing the animals, flowers and the lifestyles of the Bagan people. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
12th Century. Was built by the Senior Queen or Lady Soemingyi. The structure of this pagoda has a square base with many terraces leading to the top part, which is a cylindrical dome on top, which is the main shrine. To hold up the weight of the structure, sandstone blocks hold each corner giving more enforcement to it. There are many glazed plaques describing the animals, flowers and the lifestyles of the Bagan people. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Sulamani Temple
A.D 1183. built by Narapatisithu (1174-1211). This temple was known as "crowing jewel" and it stands beyond Dhammayangyi Pagoda. This temple is a more sophisticated temple than the Htilominlo and Gawdawpalin. Combining the horizontal planes of the early period with the vertical lines of the middle, the temple features two storeys standing on broad terraces assembled to create a pyramid effect. The brickwork throughout is considered some of the best in Bagan. Some part of the temple was damaged during 1975 by the earthquake. Pagodas stand at the corners of each terrace, and a high wall, fitted with elaborate gateways at each cardinal point, encloses the entire complex. The interior face of the wall was once lined with a hundred monastic cells, a feature unique among Bagan's ancient monasteries. Sulamani represents some of Bagan's finest ornamental work which are carved stucco on mouldings, pediments and pilasters. These are today in fairly good condition. Glazed plaques around the base and terraces are also still visible. Buddha images face the four directions from the ground floor; the image at the main eastern entrance sits in a recess built into the wall. The interior passage around the base is painted with fine frescoes from the Konbaung period, and there are traces of earlier frescoes. Stairways lead very close to the top of this temple, from where the views are superb. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
A.D 1183. built by Narapatisithu (1174-1211). This temple was known as "crowing jewel" and it stands beyond Dhammayangyi Pagoda. This temple is a more sophisticated temple than the Htilominlo and Gawdawpalin. Combining the horizontal planes of the early period with the vertical lines of the middle, the temple features two storeys standing on broad terraces assembled to create a pyramid effect. The brickwork throughout is considered some of the best in Bagan. Some part of the temple was damaged during 1975 by the earthquake. Pagodas stand at the corners of each terrace, and a high wall, fitted with elaborate gateways at each cardinal point, encloses the entire complex. The interior face of the wall was once lined with a hundred monastic cells, a feature unique among Bagan's ancient monasteries. Sulamani represents some of Bagan's finest ornamental work which are carved stucco on mouldings, pediments and pilasters. These are today in fairly good condition. Glazed plaques around the base and terraces are also still visible. Buddha images face the four directions from the ground floor; the image at the main eastern entrance sits in a recess built into the wall. The interior passage around the base is painted with fine frescoes from the Konbaung period, and there are traces of earlier frescoes. Stairways lead very close to the top of this temple, from where the views are superb. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Upali Thein
Mid 13th Century. Named after Upali, a well-known monk, this ordination hall was built in the mid-13th century and stands across the road from the Htilominio Temple. The rectangular building has roof battlements imitative of Burmese wooden architecture and a small central spire rising from the rooftop. Most buildings of this type were made of wood and have long since disappeared. Inside there are some brightly painted frescoes on the walls and ceilings from the late 17th and early 18th century. The building is usually kept locked in order to protect them. The Upali Thein was renovated during the reign of the Konbaung Dynasty in 1794 abd 1795. The walls now represent the previous 28 Buddha images, as well as scenes from the life of Guatama Buddha. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Mid 13th Century. Named after Upali, a well-known monk, this ordination hall was built in the mid-13th century and stands across the road from the Htilominio Temple. The rectangular building has roof battlements imitative of Burmese wooden architecture and a small central spire rising from the rooftop. Most buildings of this type were made of wood and have long since disappeared. Inside there are some brightly painted frescoes on the walls and ceilings from the late 17th and early 18th century. The building is usually kept locked in order to protect them. The Upali Thein was renovated during the reign of the Konbaung Dynasty in 1794 abd 1795. The walls now represent the previous 28 Buddha images, as well as scenes from the life of Guatama Buddha. Source: www.bagan.travelmyanmar.net
Long-Neck Women
The Kayan people are the sub-group of the Red Karen (also called Karenni people) and the Tibeto-Burma ethnic minority native in Myanmar. Due to the antagonism from the Burmese military regime (from the late 1980s to the early 1990s), the Kayan tribe did run to Thailand. Anyhow, the Kayan people in Myanmar remains diverse, and the most notable group is the Kayan Lahwi. Meeting the Kayan long-neck people in Myanmar is the very exclusive experience to know the mystery and charm of the tradition of making the brass neck coils the jewelry. The Kayan women who have the elongated necks covered with the heavy brass rings look attractive. Besides, they are very good at wood carving and weaving. Regardless of the living conditions, the Kayan people keep their long-standing habits alive. The neck of a Kayan woman seems longer as it’s covered by the heavy brass rings; besides, their shins and arms are also “decorated” with the similar rings. This is the long tradition: each time a woman adds a ring to her neck, she is fitted with the new brass neck coiling around. Some women even have up to 25 rings on the necks. Most people follow this tradition just to protect their heritage; thus, some girls can refuse the practice of neck lengthening or just wear one or two necklets as jewelry. Source: http://myanmartravel.indochinacharm.com
The Kayan people are the sub-group of the Red Karen (also called Karenni people) and the Tibeto-Burma ethnic minority native in Myanmar. Due to the antagonism from the Burmese military regime (from the late 1980s to the early 1990s), the Kayan tribe did run to Thailand. Anyhow, the Kayan people in Myanmar remains diverse, and the most notable group is the Kayan Lahwi. Meeting the Kayan long-neck people in Myanmar is the very exclusive experience to know the mystery and charm of the tradition of making the brass neck coils the jewelry. The Kayan women who have the elongated necks covered with the heavy brass rings look attractive. Besides, they are very good at wood carving and weaving. Regardless of the living conditions, the Kayan people keep their long-standing habits alive. The neck of a Kayan woman seems longer as it’s covered by the heavy brass rings; besides, their shins and arms are also “decorated” with the similar rings. This is the long tradition: each time a woman adds a ring to her neck, she is fitted with the new brass neck coiling around. Some women even have up to 25 rings on the necks. Most people follow this tradition just to protect their heritage; thus, some girls can refuse the practice of neck lengthening or just wear one or two necklets as jewelry. Source: http://myanmartravel.indochinacharm.com
Unknown beautiful temple
Temples and Pagodas around